dimanche, juillet 22, 2007

Arthrose et prothèse du genou. Chirurgie mini-invasive.

L'arthrose entraine une usure du cartilage articulaire, responsable de douleurs et de raideur, parfois de gonflement.
Cette usure peut être globale, évoluée et toucher les trois compartiments du genou: interne, externe et rotulien: si le traitement médical ne suffit plus à vous soulager et que vous êtes agé de plus de 60 ans, vous pourrez bénéficier, sous certaines conditions, de la mise en place d'une prothèse totale du genou.



Sur la radiographie de gauche, le cartilage de la partie interne (droite) a disparu.


Prothèse totale de genou

Si en revanche, votre arthrose reste localisée et ne touche qu'un compartiment articulaire, très souvent l'interne à cause d'un genu-varum ("jambes arquées") par exemple, une intervention plus simple est envisageable:

- soit une petite prothèse unicompartimentaire: qui nécessite par rapport à la prothèse totale une intervention plus légère, avec une cicatrice plus petite, utilisant parfois une technique mini-invasive (MIS): la récupération après intervention est plus rapide.

Prothèse "UNI"

- soit, si vous avez moins de 60 ans, une intervention visant à corriger l'axe de votre membre inférieur afin de diminuer la pression sur le compartiment touché et de supprimer par ce biais la douleur: on parle, en cas de genu-varum, d'une réaxation appelée ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation.

Suites opératoires:
En cas de prothèse totale ou unicompartimentaire, l'appui complet est possible immédiatement, l'hospitalisation est de 5 à 8 jours en moyenne et la rééducation peut être suivie à votre domicile ou en maison de convalescence.
En cas d'ostéotomie, l'appui est par contre interdit 45 jours: le béquillage est autorisé. Il s'agit donc d'une intervention réservée à des sujets plus jeunes.

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